Everything emits, reflects, and absorbs light in varying amounts, and shadows are caused when a light source is blocked. Because the world is round, during the day when the Sun is above the Earth, which is always turning, rotating, or spinning, the length of a shadow will increase or decrease depending upon the time of the day. Shadows are longest in the early morning and late afternoon/early evening when the sun appears low in the sky. Viewed above the North Pole, the Earth rotates on its axis counterclockwise, from west to east. This is also called a prograde rotation and that makes the Moon and the Sun (and all other celestial objects) appear to move from east to west across the sky, thus we see the Sun rising every day in the east and setting in the west. The size and darkness of a shadow depends on the relative position of the and intensity of the light source and the object, as well as the type of the object and its transparency or reflectivity of the surface on which the shadow falls. The shadow will get smaller as the distance increases, and it will get bigger as the distance decreases. The closer to the light source an object is, the bigger the shadow will be, simply because a larger object is able to block more of the light. The further away from the light source an object is, the smaller the shadow will be. A narrower angular projection of the shadow is seen when the object is farther away whereas a wider angle of projection happens when the object is closer. A shadow will appear darker when the light source is more intense and when the surface on which the shadow falls is less reflective or transparent. Additionally, the distance between the object and the surface on which the shadow falls can also affect the darkness of the shadow. If the object is closer to the surface, the shadow may appear darker. In most cases, the brighter the light is, the darker the shadow will be cast.
Greek mythology says that before this world came into existence, only a confused mass of shapeless elements was present, and that was called Chaos. Eventually all the elements consolidated resolving themselves into two widely different substances, a lighter portion which soared above and formed the sky and became known as Caelus or Father Sky and the solid mass beneath, which is known as Terra or Mother Earth. They were both large beings, but they had no human qualities. Caelus and Terra coexisted with two other mighty powers who were also the offspring of Chaos. They were Erebus meaning Darkness and Nyx standing for Night. Together they formed a striking contrast to the cheerful light of heaven and the bright smiles of earth.
Erebus reigned in that mysterious world below, where no ray of sunshine, no gleam of daylight, nor trace of health-giving terrestrial life ever appeared. Nyx, the sister of Erebus, represented Night, and she had power over sleep and death. They were married and they had many children, the best being Aether (Brightness), Hemera (Day), Philotes (Friendship) and Eleos the goddess of mercy, pity and compassion. They also had eighteen dark children the three oldest being Charun the ferryman of Tartarus, Mendacius the god of trickery, cunning deception, craftiness, guile, and treachery and Adicia goddess of injustice and wrongdoing. The other 15 dark children were, Discordia (Strife), Fatum (Doom, Destiny), Fraus (Fraud, Deceit and Deception), Furor (Spirit of mad rage and frenzy), Invidia (Envy, indignation and retribution), Miseria (Pain, distress), the two Keres which included Achlys (Mist of Death) and Mors (Peaceful Death), Querella (Blame and complaint), Senectus (Old Age), Somnus (Sleep), and the four Somnium which included Hypnos (Semblance), Phantasos (Dreams of fantasy), Phobetor (Nightmares) and Somnia (Dreams).
Every human is thought to exhibit light and dark patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in our daily life. Psychologist Carl Jung thought that people should embrace the shadow when he said, “the brighter the light, the darker the shadow”, meaning that we are never simply who or what we think we are. We are a mystery, even unto ourselves. Jung made up the term shadow to describe those aspects of the personality that we choose to reject and repress. Philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli felt that human nature is inherently flawed because people are selfish, greedy, easily deceived, and are never satisfied. We must all be who we are, being both good and evil, light and shadow as that is what defines us and, in the end, all we have is ourselves.
Written for Sadje at Keep It Alive What Do You See #235.